Solar An Alternative Energy Source - 868 Words

Title: Solar as an Alternative Energy Source Meta Tags: alternative energy, benefits of alternative energy, alternative energy sources, alternative sources of energy, alternative energy companies Meta Description: Save money and examine the positive impact of using the sun s rays as an alternative source of energy. With the availability of coal, oil and natural gas more limited every day, many people are turning to the oldest and most abundant source of power on Earth -- the sun. Solar energy uses the natural energy-making process of photosynthesis for plants and offers a reliable alternative energy source for homeowners and businesses seeking a cost-effective solution to rising energy bills. Why Choose an Alternative Energy Source People have relied on the power of fossil fuels for hundreds of years. Fossil fuels are used to make coal, oil and gas that powers cars, factories and homes. These fuels are burned to meet the needs of most of the energy consumption throughout the world. When considering the popularity of fossil fuels, many wonder why people should consider an alternative energy source. According to the [Union of Concerned Scientists], several negative consequences result from the burning of fossil fuels. Burning fossil fuels releases extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, destabilizing an already delicate balance that results in global temperature changes. These changes affect sea levels and climate patterns, wreaking havoc on economies around theShow MoreRelatedSolar Energy As A Alternative Energy Source2941 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction The concept of solar energy is not a new one. We have seen it in practice from solar powered calculators, garden lights, watches, and a wide variety of other novelty products. However, the idea of solar energy as a sustainable, renewable form of electricity, is on another level completely. Solar energy is one of the most popular and fastest growing sources of alternative energy not only in the country, but in the world. Solar energy is the conversion of power from the sun to usableRead MoreSolar Energy : The Alternative Energy Sources2164 Words   |  9 PagesWith the evolution of society, the necessity of alternative energy sources, that suit in what sustainable development requires is more evident throughout the years. Since the reduction of the emission of gases that cause the greenhouse effect, for example, is an important factor. The sun is the planet’s primary energy. It is responsible for practically all of the observable natural processes. Thus, nowadays, technologies that have the sun as a source have been considered, studied and utilized. TheRead MoreSolar Energy : The Future Of Alternative Energy Sources Essay1920 Words   |  8 PagesSolar industry has been paying lots of attention to coating technology in the past 10 years. Solar energy is considered the future of alternative energy sources. It has been recognized as one of the most widely used renewable sources of energy in th e few recent years for its non-polluting characteristics which combats the Greenhouse effect on global climate created by the use of fossil fuels, figure 1.6. The generation of solar power is done by converting the solar energy into electricity by usingRead MoreScience Debate : Alternative Energy1157 Words   |  5 PagesDebate: Alternative Energy is Better Good morning/afternoon fellow peers and staff members. Today, I am going to prove how alternative energy sources are better than conventional sources. Some people don’t know the difference from alternative and conventional energy sources.Conventional sources are sources that are most common and have been traditionally used in the past. Alternative sources are the more eco-friendly source which makes our world a better place to live in. Examples of alternative energyRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Fossil Fuels1260 Words   |  6 PagesFossil fuels are hydrocarbons, primarily coal, fuel oil or natural gas, formed from the remains of dead plants and animals, and great sources of energy and great sources of pollution. Fossil fuels are used to power a lot of things, including vehicles, heat homes, industries, manufacturing, and for electricity. Primarily used fossil fuels are coal, natural gas, and oil, these fossil fuels are dangerous to the environment. When fossil fue ls are burned, it emits harmful gases in the environment likeRead MoreNew Energy for the Future1358 Words   |  6 PagesNew Energy for the Future For years man has relied on energy in order to be successful in life. The industrial revolution relied on coal for the new inventions brought into the world. Life as has never been the same since then. However since that time, there has been little done to improve on energy efficiency and humans still primarily rely on fossil fuels for energy. For over a hundred years the Earth has become more polluted and dirtier than ever before. Now, with new, innovative technology thereRead MoreRenewable Energy : Alternative Energy1559 Words   |  7 PagesAlternative energy can be defined as Energy, as solar, wind, or nuclear energy, that can replace or supplement traditional fossil-fuel sources, such as coal, oil, and natural gas. When thinking about alternative energy sources we generally focus on the main types: nuclear, solar, wind, and hydroelectric. These are things that mainly do not cause pollution and are very environmentally friendly (Alternative Energy). Alternative energy is thought to be renewable and â€Å"free.† Biomass Energy, Wind EnergyRead MoreAlternative Energy Sources For Renewable Energy1710 Words   |  7 Pagesconcern for our environment, alternative energy has become a source of energy that is an alternative to the problem that these fossil fuels have caused our Earth. Alternative energy are renewable and is considered to be free energy sources (Alternative Energy). All alternative energy sources have lower carbon emissions when being compared to conventional energy sources. These sources include Biomass Energy, Wind, Solar, Geothermal, and Hydroelectric Energy (Alternative Energy). With the use of recyclingRead MoreGreen Energy is a Substitute Energy Source1720 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction â€Å"Green† (or alternative) energy is a substitute energy source for fossil fuels. Alternative energy is interchangeable with Renewable energy since the sources that are generated are natural and cannot be exhausted, all of which have minimal environmental impact. Alternative energy sources include solar power, which is acquired from the sun; wind power; water energy, which produces hydroelectricity; and biomass energy, which comes from plants. Due to these sources being free and causingRead MoreFossil Fuel And Alternative Sources Of Energy1218 Words   |  5 Pages Energy Policy Jameisha Lyttle Gwynedd Mercy University Abstract The United States government, as well as many others around the world, have relied on fossil fuel as an energy source for a long period of time. The extraction, production, and development of these sources have contributed to the many issues with the environment. In addition to this, fossil fuel will not exist forever because there is a limited amount on earth and it cannot be restored. For this reason, the United

Food Production Of Genetically Modified Food - 2458 Words

Ingredients Matters: From the Farm to the Table Mass production of genetically modified food has led to the deterioration of nutritional substance in the yields of produce and livestock, bringing a negative environmental consequence, impacting the farms ecosystem and the farmers sustainability. An uninformed public suffers the consequences of false advertising and a lack of labeling laws to make healthy decisions when being unaware of the ingredients and preparation of their food. Organic certified farms promote a standard of abstaining from synthetic made pesticides, fertilizers containing harmful chemicals leaving dangerous residue, and inadequate diet and care of livestock. This is achieved by creating natural renewable resources†¦show more content†¦Conventional farming techniques practice methods involving use of: fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, antibiotics, and growth hormones, for an overall beneficiary of controlling pests and disease on the crops, a higher output of product, and a longer life span without spoiling. This increased life span, thanks to the chemically produced armor, can now travel from the farm to the store and have a high shelf life until consumers make their purchase. The current labeling laws held in the United States have no mandatory regulations for companies to abide by when allowing their consumers to be informed if the contents within the products ingredients contain genetically modified organisms (GMO). This additive is made through biogenetically engineering specific changes to the organisms DNA. â€Å"Otherwise known as â€Å"splicing†, this creates a species of plant, genes, bacteria, and even animals which do not naturally occur in nature, or stick to the traditional cross breading techniques† (NONGMOPROJECT) A major tool in preserving the yield and quality of a conventional farmed crop is pesticides. A pesticide is a type of biocide, which is a chemical substance or microorganism controlling the effect on a harmful organism (epa.gov) What pe sticides are used for is attracting, seducing, and destroying any pests that may be harmful to the crop. As this does benefit the pest

A Comparison of the Declaration of Independence and Kings...

Every individual has their own definition of freedom. Depending on time, place, religion, or race, this definition varies, but essentially comes back to one point: all men, regardless of anything, are created equally, and therefore have a right to be free. The Declaration of Independence, by Thomas Jefferson, and Martin Luther King, Jr.s I Have A Dream are two works addressing this concern. Although Jefferson and King led extremely different lives over 150 years apart, both faced issues of human equality that drove them to write two of the most influential works in American history. Thomas Jefferson, an educated, well respected career man, served as governor of Virginia, secretary of state, and†¦show more content†¦Each strived for human equality, freedom, and abolishing prejudices, and although their personal definitions differed, they wrote to and spoke for the public. As educated men, they knew what people wanted to hear and how to make it sound appealing to those who disagreed. Although sending out similar messages, the language of these writings differs. The times in which each man lived obviously makes an impact on the word choice and style, but more importantly was the audience each wanted to reach through these writings. Jefferson sent out his declaration to educated white men, business men, and those tired of British rule, the audience he wanted to appeal to. He says, Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experiences hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed (Jefferson 305). Jefferson points out the fact that if a change was not really needed, America wouldnt take such drastic measures to make things different. King, however, was speaking to millions of people, some with little or no education, and some many with years of schooling. Being such a broad and diverse audience, King had to speak more generally so all could understand. Metaphors are commonly used throughout Kings speech, probably used to createShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech901 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the most acknowledged Civil Rights activists in this history of the United States, Martin Luther King, in his empowering speech, â€Å"I Have a Dream,† proposed his desire for racial equality across the globe in a strong-minded manner. King’s purpose for both writing and or ally publishing this speech at the March on Washington affair was to motivate his audience into demanding racial justice and an amalgamated society for all people. He acquired a shameful but dedicated tone as he described theRead MoreA Rhetorical Analysis: of I Have a Dream Essay1484 Words   |  6 PagesIn Martin Luther King’s I Have a Dream speech, King makes use of an innumerable amount of rhetorical devices that augment the overall understanding and flow of the speech. King makes the audience feel an immense amount of emotion due to the outstanding use of pathos in his speech. King also generates a vast use of rhetorical devices including allusion, anaphora, and antithesis. The way that King conducted his speech adds to the comprehension and gives the effect that he wants to rise above the injusticesRead MoreFigures Of Speech : I Have A Dream 2022 Words   |  9 PagesAndrew Fenn Date Submitted: 10/8/2014 COM 322 – Dr. Marcel Figures of Speech in â€Å"I Have a Dream† On August 28th, 1963, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his magnum opus â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech to a crowd of over 250,000 civil rights activists in front of the Lincoln Memorial. Even though the monologue clocks in at just over fifteen minutes in length, Dr. King’s words have been cemented as the catalyst for civil rights reform through his strategic implementation of rhetorical devices. MakingRead MoreDistinctive Voices Essay example1079 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscussed issue throughout their speeches. In King’s I Have a Dream, he comments on the issue of black and white segregation and Suzuki raises the issues relating to the environment in her Address to the Plenary Session. A comparison can be made between the two along with Michael Moore’s film, Bowling For Columbine to analyse how a distinctive voice is created to raise important issues. Dr. Martin Luther King challenges American society in his speech I Have a Dream for the right of his own race. His strongRead More The Rhetoric of Pathos in the Writings of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.1141 Words   |  5 PagesRhetoric of Pathos in the Writings of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. I have a dream, says Dr. Samuel Proctor, Martin Luther King, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Rutgers University. All the little children--you hear everywhere you go: I have a dream. All the little children repeating that speech. Its become like the Star Spangled Banner or the Pledge of Allegiance. Its entered our culture. And so it has: I have a dream has become one of the most memorable phrases of the twentieth centuryRead MoreDr. King s I Have A Dream Speech1170 Words   |  5 PagesOn August twenty-eight, 1963, thousands of individuals gathered in Washington, DC throughout the advance Washington monument wherever Dr. Theologian King gave the famed â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech, that was recognized for collecting supporters of integration and prompted the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Dr. King’s speech was staggeringly vital throughout this era and these days, as a result of he spoke concerning the injustices of racism, segregation, and discrimination of African Americans during t his nationRead MoreThomas Jefferson And Martin Luther King Jr.1540 Words   |  7 Pagesdistinct lifestyles, we can probably guess how and where the motives behind Jefferson’s â€Å"Declaration of Independence† and Dr. King’s I Have A Dream† came about. Comparison and contrast wise, what are the propositions Jefferson and King have for the topic of equality? Does Jefferson’s perspective on equality contradict or corroborate with Dr. Kings’? But when you really get down to it, do either ones’ perspective have similar traits to what kind of society we are living in or is it too irrational to justifyRead MoreA Comparison of Dr. Kings I Have a Dream Speech and Mandelas Glory and Hope Speech1347 Words   |  6 PagesI Have a Dream and Glory and Hope were two speeches given, respectively, by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Nelson Mandela at times of great need; at times when ignorance and racially-based hubris intertwined themselves in the sparse gaps of human understanding. At first glance, the facets of humanity and blanket tranquillity seem to be in natural accord. Philosophers have struggled with the reason behind the absolute absence of peace as everybody, by definitions both classical and modern, longsRead MoreI Have A Dream Speech By Martin Luther King Jr. Essay1115 Words   |  5 PagesActivist and leader in the Africa American Civil Rights Movement, Martin Luther King Jr, speaks at the Lincoln Memorial to more than 200,000 people where he gives his famous â€Å"I have a Dream† speech, where he calls for the need of equal rights between blacks and whites. King’s purpose is to convince the American people that segregation is wrong and should be changed for future generations, encourage all African Americans into fighting until the end, and that segregation is wrong. He effectivelyRead MoreEssay on Analysis of Martin Luther Kings 1219 Words   |  5 Pages the very heartbeat of Kings strategy , concluding the final lines of latters(Sernett, 98). Angered by this rebuke, King, who did not make a habit of addressing his critics, responded by writing an open letter, Letter from a Birmingham Jail, from his prison cell on April 16, 1963, literally in the margins of the Birmingham News, on scraps of paper and on paper borrowed from his assistant, Clarence Jones, who then smuggled it out of the jail. Later published in Kings collection of essays Why

Adolescent Identity Formation By Erik Erikson s...

Carter, Lauren Professor Christan Amundsen Psych 2314 12, April 2015 Adolescent Identity Formation Adolescence is defined as the developmental stage between childhood and adulthood typically beginning at age twelve and ending at age twenty. This stage for most adolescents is a complex time in which physical, cognitive and social development is at its peak. The balance between life as a child and the quest to transition into the independence of young adulthood presents many challenges within the demands of everyday life. Physical maturation, the pressure of temptation, the search of self, spirituality, academic success and evolving relationships are some of the many determents of adolescent identity development. The question of â€Å"who am I† in the process of discovering a sense of self is a vital part of adolescent identity formation. Purpose of research The purpose of my research is to examine adolescent identity formation through the ideology of Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory of identity development. Because of the limitations of Erikson’s theory specifically in relation to the adolescent stage of development, I will also evaluate the participant’s identity formation in regards to James Maria’s ideas of adolescent development. My research was based upon ten thoughtfully developed open-ended questions that I presented to a five participants. In this paper I will present the general background of each of the five participants and an overview of their answers to theShow MoreRelatedErik Erikson s Psychosocial Theory On Child Development1388 Words   |  6 PagesErik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory on Child Development Erik Erikson, a well known developmental theorist, developed his theory about stages of human development from birth to death by using Freud s work as a starting point. According to Erikson, personality develops in a series of stages. Erikson found out that children experience conflicts which affect their development. He described the internal conflict which children go through in developmental stages using the term ‘crisis’ and are based onRead MoreDevelopmental Psychologist Erik Erikson s Stages Of Psychosocial Development1729 Words   |  7 PagesDevelopmental psychologist Erik Erikson changed the way that people viewed the psychosocial development in humans throughout their lifespan. Using the foundation provided by Freud’s psychosexual stages, he modified the concepts to where they demonstrated external impacts on development as well as making it more about emotional conflicts than necessarily physical drives. This eight-stage theory is sequential, and requi res the person to overcome conflicts in each stage to become a productive memberRead MoreSocialisation, Personal Identity, Gender Identity And Gender Roles1313 Words   |  6 PagesSocialisation, Personal identity, Gender Identity and Gender Roles: Boundless.com defines ‘Socialisation’ as â€Å"a term used to refer to the lifelong process of inheriting and disseminating norms, customs and ideologies providing the individual with the skills and habits necessary for precipitating within one’s society, thus the means by which social and cultural continuity are attained† (Boundless.com, 2015). The process of socialisation involves an individual such as an adolescent to have interactionsRead MoreErik Erikson s Stages Of Development1608 Words   |  7 Pages The Psychosocial Development The View on Erik H. Erikson s Stages of Development Frank Phan Cosumnes River College Psychology 300 Abstract This paper will touch over the aspects of Erik H Erickson s eight stages and how they affect everyday lives from infancy to adulthood. The paper will go over the approximate ages and the psychosocial crisis that they will eventually come to. Neglecting a child can lead to a cause of mental negligence in the form of Arrested Development. Within differentRead MoreErik Homburger Erikson s Life1864 Words   |  8 PagesErik Homburger Erikson was born in Frankfurt am Main, Germany on June 15, 1902. Erik’s parents were both Danish. Erik’s father abandoned his mother, Karla Abrahamsen before Erikson was born. Karla raised Erikson alone for the first three years of his life in Frankfurt until she remarried Erikson’s pediatrician, Dr. Theodore Homburger. Karla and Theodore moved to Karlsruhe in southern Germany and raised Erikson. Erikson went by Erik Homburger as a child and young adult until he eventually changedRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Theory Essay1641 Wo rds   |  7 PagesErik Erikson’s psychosocial theory states that we go through 8 developmental stages in life. Erikson states that these stages are necessary in the progression and development of human growth from infancy into adulthood. Each developmental stage presents a crisis that must be resolved during that stage for a healthy development. Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory outlines that we develop in psychosocial stages instead of psychosexual ones. I agree with Erikson because one might not get through theRead MoreErik Erikson s Children s Social And Emotional Standpoints Of Life1994 Words   |  8 PagesErik Erikson was not only a great child development philosopher, Erikson was an author who cared about children’s social and emotional standpoints of life. The things that happened to Erikson in his childhood years made him the man he is today with being the great philosopher he is. Erik Erikson’s stages from birth to late adulthood clearly aff ect the lives of people but the start with the lives of preschoolers. As an Early Childhood Educator these skills help us help children develop, figure outRead MoreDivorce and Consequences for Child Development1931 Words   |  8 Pagescessation of exposure to negativity, such as arguments and fighting, for others (Strohschein, 2005). In this essay, I will argue that the consequences of divorce on child development are dependant on how the parents manage their emotions and the level of exposure the child has to the situation. Using Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development (1977a), I will examine the negative and positive impact divorce has on different developmental stages, such as early childhood while the individual is learning basicRead MoreThe Application of Erik Eriksons Theories Essay2325 Words   |  10 PagesErik Erikson was a researcher of the Psychodynamic perspective who lived through the years 1902 to 1994. He developed a theory that dealt with the stages o f human development and was referred to as a Neo-Freudian. A Neo-Freudian are those â€Å"who have revised Sigmund Freud’s theory† (Massey, 1986). His theory argued that â€Å"both society and culture challenge and shape us† (Feldman, 2011). Erik Erikson’s theory of psychological development does not specify specific ages, so the age categories can onlyRead More A Comparison Between Freud and Erikson Essay1955 Words   |  8 Pagesdedicated to the understanding of child-development. Throughout history many theories have been used to attempt to explain the complex process. Two of those theorists, Freud and Erikson, were instrumental in creating a foundation for child-psychology to build on. From a Freudian perspective, human development is centered on psychosexual theory. Psychosexual theory indicates that maturation of the sex drives underlies stages of personality development. Alternatively, Erikson is considered a neo-freudian scholar

African American Of African Americans - 1491 Words

African Americans have witnessed much discrimination throughout the years. The issue of reparations for all African Americans is argued by one scholar and a credible newspaper. The debate about reparations started with the agreement side from the opinion of Robert Allen. He stated historical aspects that showed the crusade that many African American leaders started to get a compromise with the government. Allen continues to research the problems of African American involving with financial worth in America throughout history. He even goes as far to say that â€Å"Reparations provides a framework for the redistribution of wealth within the existing political economy.† The opposition of the debate was from the writers of The Economist. They defended their argument with a policy that focused on the difficulty of identifying the victims and past perpetrators. The writers also brought up the fact that corporations involved in exploitation of slaves made amends a long time ago and c annot be responsible for the predicament of African Americans. This debate has heightened over the years as new forms of oppression of African Americans have appeared in recent years. In my view of the debate, Robert Allen has the most logical argument over the writers of The Economist about the need for the government to make reparations for African Americans as way for racial equality. Robert L. Allen is adjunct professor of African American Studies at University of California Berkeley and received aShow MoreRelatedAfrican Americans And African American Community852 Words   |  4 PagesAs seen through time, African-Americans have been at a disadvantage when it comes to accessing funds that are available to most people. This however has not stopped them from creating and accessing help that supports and aids their families. Through communal efforts, African-Americans have been able to create mutual aid for themselves. In these communities, there are many sectors that have been bu ilt, but the main reason many are â€Å"making it† or able to afford and do what they are currently doingRead MoreAfrican Americans And African American Studies844 Words   |  4 Pageswould shed light on African Americans. The progress the students created is seen today in American Universities ,and also HBCUs, where (AAS)African American Studies is implemented into the curriculum. Before, the dissection the formation of AAS, it should be noted that without the sacrifice from others I undoubtedly would not be writing about AAS ,or reflecting on the significance it has created for generations so far. There have always been African Studies, just not in the American Education SystemRead MoreAfrican Americans And African American Families921 Words   |  4 PagesThe number of two-parent African American households is dissolving. According to the U.S. Bureau of the Census, the black family has declined from 80% in 1890 to 39% in 1990. The result of conflict, and warring souls in the African American community, this trend can be stopped and reversed. The African American family must first gain an understanding of what is causing this dissolution, then they can be taught about what principals and skills they must adapt in order to reverse it. Once this isRead MoreAfrican Americans And Identity Of African American1169 Words   |  5 PagesIn the year of 1619, the largest oppressive legal structure in American History came about, the institution of slavery. Although slavery was abolished in the year of 1865, African Americans are still enslaved by intuitional racism. There are systems in place to keep minorities at a disadvantage. This system of oppression is carried by a number of factors such as; the segregation of black people in urban areas referred to as ghettos, mass incarceration rate for people of color, large educational gapsRead MoreAfrican Americans And African American Culture953 Words   |  4 Pagesand perception of the African American culture. One common characteristic is that African Americans are much more likely to live in poverty and poverty stricken areas than White Americans (McNamara Burns, 2009). What I have learned it is not as simple as African Americans are poorer than White Americans. While the statement is true, it is simplistic. There are many reasons and. causes for the disparity in wealth and income between African Americans and White American. One explanation givenRead MoreAfrican American History : African Americans1269 Words   |  6 PagesThere are countless examples of how African Americans have transformed history or made a mark on our country. African Americans have displayed heroism and bravery for what we believe in. Without Black History Month as a holiday, these people would not have been recognized for all of their many achievements. We must continue to celebrate the achievements of African Americans, and we must correct the inconsistences of the past. Black History Month should be kept as a national holiday as long as weRead MoreAfrican Americans And African American Equality883 Words   |  4 Pagesthan ever for African Americans in the year 1865; Union victory, emancipation, the right to vote, education and opportunity were on the horizon. However, the post-civil war time period proved to be much different than anticipated. Although blacks were eager to demonstrate their democratic participation and inclusion, they were often faced with opposition and disenfranchisement, especially during and after reconstruction. This oscillating and contradictory battle for African American equality is seenRead MoreAfrican American Oppression : African Americans Essay1123 Words   |  5 Pages African American Oppression 1. A group that has been oppressed for a long period of time is African Americans. They dealt with so much from history to present that I feel they should benefit from community organizing. Especially with recent events that’s going on with them as a population, they could benefit from it. 2. The African American population in the U.S is 13.3% and what distinguishes them from the rest of the population is that there’s a lot of history behind African Americans. The descendantsRead MoreAfrican Americans And African American Culture Essay1804 Words   |  8 PagesExactly how â€Å"black† is black America? African American culture in the United States has evolved continuously throughout United States history carrying on various cultural traditions of African ethnic groups brought here during slavery. The U.S. Census Bureau defines African Americans as a person having origins in any of the Black race groups of Africa.[1]. African American culture is derived chiefly from people originated from sub-Saharan and Sahelian cultures in Africa. Over hundreds of yearsRead MoreAfrican American Economy : African Americans909 Words   |  4 PagesAfrican American Economy The unemployment rate in the African American community is higher than any other group in American society. Institutionalized racism and unequal education opportunities have contributed to the unemployment rate. There are various reasons why the unemployment rate is greater in the African American communities. Consequently, Blacks are attaining higher education at a rate lower than other groups in society, and lack opportunities in the workforce. These are just two of the

Alpha Property Development Group

Question: Discuss about the Alpha Property Development Group. Answer: Introduction This business report underlines Alpha Group being property development group established with providing a complete services range with commercial and residential properties. The group has already developed across Australia various properties and therefore are looking at investing in the areas of the commercial and residential segment for which the use of the secondary data is been considered to understand the area that the company can invest to gain the maximum returns from the investment in these property development segments. This requires the study of the data and the various statistics from the internet with regard to the population, the demographics and the study of the geo demographics that is based on the segmentation and the targeting of the area that the Alpha group plans to invest. Here considering New South Wales that being a part of southeastern Australian region as the postcode area where the company is interested to invest (Hefferan and Ross, 2010). This is with respect to the development of the properties that related to building both commercial and residential with the various data to understand the feasibility of the property type the company should invest into the segment to gain the best return on the investment for the money invested. This requires understanding the population, income, education, age, sex, lifestyle and the various other parameters and statistics that needs to be considered to arrive at the decision as discussed further in the report. Business Aim: The Aim of this report is to understand the feasibility of the investment of Alpha development property group that plans to invest in the building of the property in the area of the New South Wales that is the postcode area considered in this report. Business Objective: The objective of this report is to understand the segment of the market based on the data from the secondary sources. These secondary data that are available with respect to the commercial or the residential that the property development group Alpha needs to invest that will provide the company with the maximum returns and the profits in the postcode area of the New South Wales of the Australia (Gartner and Chappelle, 2009). Therefore, this requires the company perform the segmentation of the market with respect to the population to understand the people or the consumers those in this postcode area of the New South Wales. Further, it needs to consider the market with respect to the housing needs, the dwellings such as the shopping centres that exist in this postcode and the transport that will help to understand the feasibility of the segment that property development group Alpha can target. Market Segmentation Market segmentation is very important to understand the demography and the geodemography of the area that the company that is the Alpha property group that plans to invest in the development of the building relating both the commercial and the residential in the area of the postcode area of the New South Wales that is the Australias south eastern part. Therefore, secondary data is been used to conduct the same as below: Quick statistics Source: (censusdata.abs.gov.au, 2011) The above figure gives the total population along with the male and the female composition with median age. The average children that are there in the families and the details relating the private dwellings includes the number of the private dwellings with averages of the people, the household income, mortgage repayments, rent and the motor vehicles that exists in the postcode area of the New South Wales(Cahill, 2006). This provides the overview to the developer group like Alpha to understand the various requirements with further breaking the segment into different segments like income, employment, shopping centres existing in location along with transportation facilities etc available to market their residential and the commercial Total Population of New South Wales vs. Australia along with percentages Source: (censusdata.abs.gov.au, 2011) This also provides the total population that with the average of Australia that shows more female population than the male with small negligible composition of people belonging to the aboriginal and the Torres Strait islander. Age of population Source: (censusdata.abs.gov.au, 2011) The above picture represents that the median age of the people in the postcode area of 2113 of the area of New South Wales where the people median age is 38. Further it gives a picture that compared with Australia shows children within the age group of 14 years consisted 16.8 percent and above age group of 65 years at 15.3 percent that being small portion of the total population of the postcode area of New south Wales. These provide clear idea that this median age group will be requiring the housing needs apart from the commercial needs. Consumer Types Education Source: (censusdata.abs.gov.au, 2011) This shows that in the area of the postcode 2113 of the NSW where 30.2 percent were going to an educational institution and 23.6 percent and 17.5 percent studied in primary and the secondary school. The major portion of the population that is 33.6 percent in the technical and the tertiary education or the institution as compared with that of Australia that represents most people will be ready for the job market and hence will need housing of their own. This helps the alpha group to market their various residential and the commercial properties that developed to this segment in the future. Employment Source: (censusdata.abs.gov.au, 2011) This above picture in the area of the postcode 2113 of the NSW provides with the clear view that most people were employed with almost 8726 were providing the labour with compositions that worked for full time, part time, those away from work, the unemployed. This showed that 63.5 percent were full time employers with 26.3 percent were working in part time and negligible portion of 5.4 percent that were unemployed. Further it also provides that majority of the workforce worked for more than the 40 hours that means they had stable jobs and are doing well enough that arises the need for better residential conditions. This will enable the property developers like the Alpha group in addressing the needs of these consumer segments for better housing facilities that is of the residential type. Median Age of Employment and the people Occupations in different services Source: (censusdata.abs.gov.au, 2011) The above table provides the clear picture that the average employment age in the NSW 2113 postcode area being 40 years provides that for both the full and the part time that is prime age for people to settle in their lives and look for housing needs. This helps alpha to address the need of these segment with respect to the better residential accommodation they would be looking for to settle down in their lives (Li Ang and Wilkinson, 2008). Further they would also look at better shopping experience with better shopping centres. Further the occupation showed that the majority of the people in the postcode area 2113 of the NSW were professional, managers and administrative workers with high incomes than compared with Australia. This will help the Alpha property developers group in marketing the residential properties to this type of consumers. Median Incomes and Transportation Source: (censusdata.abs.gov.au, 2011) The above table represents that in the postcode area 2113 of the NSW the people median weekly incomes that of the personal, the family and the household as compared with Australia is relatively on the higher side. This gives an idea that people are well of in this region with better lifestyles and look for better housing facilities and exquisite shopping centres where they can purchase high cost goods and enjoy shopping. Further, this area transportation also provides that majority have a car of their own and the various other modes of the transport and the respective percentage (Newell, 2008). This gives an idea as compared with Australia that people cars, bus and train majorly for transport apart from other modes as mentioned in the table above. This helps Alpha to locate their project for better convenience to the consumers. Map of postcode 2113, NSW This above picture represents the various roads and the map of the postcode area of the 2113 NSW that will help to understand the location. Map of 2113 NSW identifying roads, train and interesting places along with shopping complex, museums and others This above map provides the shopping complex, roads, train and other interesting places that exist in the area postcode 2113, NSW. Conclusion Therefore based on the finding through the secondary data that is collected from the several of the sources through internet and e-journals it is clearly concluded that the Alpha group can develop the residential properties for better living conditions and the commercial properties to provide the people with best of shopping and commercial experiences along with living. This will help the people to experience better ways of living and shopping thereby maintaining a better lifestyle. References Anon (2011)censusdata.abs.gov.au[online]. Available from: https://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/quickstat/POA2113?opendocumentnavpos=220 (Accessed 9 August 2016). Cahill, D. (2006)Lifestyle market segmentation. New York: Haworth Press. Gartner, W. Chappelle, D. (2009) Segmentation analysis of property ownership types in rural areas.Land Development Studies. [Online] 9 (3), 3-15. Hefferan, M. Ross, S. (2010) Forces for change in property education and research in Australia.Property Management. [Online] 28 (5), 370-381. Li Ang, S. Wilkinson, S. (2008) Is the social agenda driving sustainable property development in Melbourne, Australia?.Property Management. [Online] 26 (5), 331-343. Newell, G. (2008) The Quality of Property Education in Australia.Pacific Rim Property Research Journal. [Online] 11 (7), 361-378.

The Determinants of Corporate Dividend Policy †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Determinants of Corporate Dividend Policy. Answer: Data and Research Methodology Sample and Data Selection The essential data that is collected is attained from Prowess Database of Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CIME). The selected organizations that are taken as sample are chosen from the huge base of BSE 500 Index. The tenure of the research is 7 years and it initiates from the year 1st January 2001 to 31st December 2007. The researcher has only added the organizations in the sample that has been paying off dividend on a continuous basis during the research period and has not added the financial organizations and the companies that are owned by the government. It is seen that only the final dividends that are paid in cash by the organizations have been taken into consideration as in general, it is seen that the Indian organizations pay only one dividend annually (Krishnan, Kozhikode 2015). The research has even overlooked the stock repurchases and the stock dividends by the selected organizations and has assessed only the dividends that are paid in cash. This mechanism has been able to provide a final sample of 150 organizations that have been chosen from a total of 16 industries. Explanation of the Variables During the past few years of researches, the researchers have incorporated several financial variables that can have extensive level of impact on the dividend policy (A framework has been given in Annexure 1 of this paper). The variables that have been determined earlier, the current research paper looks to select fifteen variables in order to assess their impact on the decisions related to dividend (Patel, Rayner 2015). The validation for selecting these variables are explained as follows. Liquidity is a key element for the decisions related to dividend. The dividend payment and the liquidity attitude of an organization have a relationship that is direct in nature. In case an organization has sufficient cash flows, the organization would look to dispense the dividend received as cash in order to satisfy the shareholders. Furthermore, the organizations needs to undertake their payment of the dividends with the help of cash and therefore the organization has to be sufficiently liquid in order to distribute the dividends and even to stay solvent (Abraham et al., 2015). The cash from the operations and the current ratio are the indicators that address the liquidity scenario of an organization. Therefore, the cash from operations and the current ratio have been chosen as the first two variables for this research. The other key factor that is determined is the leverage. A company that has higher leverage explains that the huge fixed payments for the purpose of external financing is initiated which, is actually an alternate for the payment of the dividends (Baker et al., 2017). The extent of high leverage leads to a rise in the cost of transaction and even the risk of an organization. On the other hand, the extent of increased retention rate lowers the potentiality for the outward borrowings and vice-versa. Therefore, the research has selected debt-to-equity ratio (DER) and the retained earnings to equity ratio (REE) as the substitutions for financial leverage that displays an association that is negative in nature in accordance to the dividend decision. Therefore, retained earnings to equity ratio and debt-to-equity ratio have been chosen as the third and the fourth variable. Additionally, the relationship among the dividend payment attitude and the model of ownership of a company is even appreciated. The management and the supervision of the company may be levied on the promoters or the directors, the organization or the foreign based investors. The insiders would like to restrict the additional dividend payment and on the other hand the institutional owners are generally are much more dividend demanding (Arora, Sharma 2016). Therefore, the shareholding of the promoters, organizational shareholding and the foreign organizational investor shareholding are taken as the fifth, sixth and seventh variables. The extent of profit has been always taken into consideration as the most effective element for the disbursement of the dividend as the rise in the extent of profit indicates more amounts of dividends (Kengatharan, 2018). It is significant to look at the variables for the purpose of long term and short term profitability of an organization. The paper has chosen Return on Investment, (ROI) and Net Profit Ratio (NPR) and the profit ratio prior to the interest and taxes to their overall assets (PTA) as the substitutes and hence, they are chosen as the eighth, ninth and tenth variables. Furthermore, the opportunities for development have an essential role to play in this research. The rise in the operational development and the developments in the profits of an organization would indicate the rise in the payment of dividends by an organization. The developmental factor is shown by the annual sales growth (ASG), earnings per share (EPS) and return on the net worth (NONW) (Chaklader, Gulati 2015). The rate of growth of the above addressed variables is considered as the eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth variables for the research. Market Capitalization matches with the firm size and therefore is taken as the fourteenth variable. The impact of tax is another key indicator as the taxation rates have an impact on the desire of dividend by the investors. The investors who are paying increased level of tax would like to delay gaining the dividend and therefore would like to preserve their incomes and earnings with the company in order to evade the extensive level of taxes and on the other hand, the investors who are falling within the lower tax bracket would look to have increased level of dividends (Muttakin, Subramaniam 2015). It is because of this purpose, the research has taken the corporate ratio to profit after tax (T) which is an alternative and is the fifteenth variable. A comprehensive explanation of all the variables is provided in the Annexure 2. Research Methodology The current research paper reassesses several factors that affect the decisions related to dividend of a company by making use of the two-step multivariate mechanism. The research has even recognized a total of fifteen variables from the aspect of the literature that is taken into consideration while constructing a dividend policy. While undertaking the initial step, the paper will initiate factor analysis on the collected data in order to bring out the key factors out the chosen fifteen variables. In the next step, the research would undertake multiple regression on the factors that have been determined. Results: Factor Analysis The process of factor assessment explains the highlighted factors that address the correlation between the variables that have been observed. The research paper makes use of the Principle Component Analysis (PCA) as the key process of extraction factor in order to recognize the specific groups of the recognized variables. The extensive factors are additionally exposed to the equamax orthogonal rotation. The table below indicates the results attained from Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and the Barletts Test (MEHTA, Joshi 2016). The KMO system of sampling competence addresses the researcher about whether to minimize the variables into the extensive factors or not. The value that is lower than 0.50 addresses that factor analysis would not establish specific and authentic factors and conversely, any kind of value that is near one would specifically address that this process of assessment would be effective and supportive with the data. The outcome attained in this paper provides a value of 0. 554 and this explains that the correlation trend between the variables is comparatively dense and therefore Factor Analysis is able to generate authentic and specific extensive factors. The Barletts Test of Sphericity examines in order to find out whether the actual matrix of correlation is an identity matrix or not. The outcomes that have been attained in this paper explains that Barletts test has discovered a Chi-Square value of 1.500E3 which is essential for p0.01 and thereby approving that the factor analysis for this paper is valid and authentic. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .554 Bartletts Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 1.500E3 Df 105 Sig. .000 Table 1: KMO and Barletts Test It is seen that Table 2 provides the Rotated Factor Matrix by making use of the Equamax Orthogonal Transformation, which is a factor loading factor for every variable on each of the factors. The factor loadings that are lower than 0.30 have been compressed and have not been displayed. The institutional shareholdings have been found to be 0.853 and on the other hand the shareholding of the foreign organizational investors is 0.735 and is correlated positively and on the other hand the shareholding of the promoters is -0.824 and therefore is correlated negatively to the first factor, which is known as the ownership framework. The dividend payout leads to a fall in the worth of the stock and therefore an interest conflict takes place for the insiders. An organization that has increased insider ownership recommends for a lower cash dividend payout. However, the institutional proprietors are interested in influencing the increased payouts so as to improve the power over the management for administering and supervising their matters associated to peripheral finance. The results that are attained in this paper strongly assist the results that are observed in the literature. Conversely, there exists a point that has to be noted to the fact that the personal shareholdings for the promoters, organizations and the investors of the foreign companies in association to the overall shareholdings of an organization have not been regarded. This is an essential aspect with respect to which future researches that can be undertaken. It is seen that factor 2 has increasingly negative loadings as the value is seen to be for debt-equity ratio is -0.756, taxation has a value of -0.704 and the earnings per share has been -0.384 and on the other hand the positive loadings for the return on investment is seen to be 0.759 and the return on the net worth is 0.577. This factor has been termed as leverage. This recommends that the company would look to pay increasing amount of dividends if they are making use of their retained earnings, which has the lowest amount of attached risk in comparison to the external financing. In some other word, increased amount of payment of interest, which is known as fixed charge will lead to lower amount of payment of the dividend. Hence, the outcome of the analysis indicates that there is a converse relationship among the rate of dividend and leverage. The third extensive factor is addressed as Profitability. It is incisive of the net profit ratio that attains a value of 0.809 and the market capitalization, which has a value of 0.789. This factor in this research is coined as liquidity. An organization that has increased level of external financing would be in need of cash flow availability, which means the requirement of strong position of liquidity in order to satisfy their financial responsibilities. Thus, in order to raise the level of liquidity, the company needs to lower their dividend payout and conversely, the bigger the company size is, the more is the accessibility of the independent cash flows and the better will be the amount of the dividend payout (Dhanesh, 2015). A company that has better unit of shareholders is anticipated to give out increased amount of dividends so as to satisfy their shareholders. There has been a discovery that increased amount of retained earnings to the equity ratio, which explains the inclinat ion to payout the dividend would make sure that the accessibility of the free cash flow or the cash flow that is residual within the organization. Hence, one would anticipate a direct and a better relationship among the dividend payout and liquidity. The next or the fifth factor is called Growth. It is inclusive of the annual sales growth that has a value of 0.816, return on net worth, which has a value of 0.530 and the retained earnings to equity ratio that has a value of 0.485 and this implies that the development in the level of profit and sales is a key element for paying out the dividends. The results obtained from this paper assists the discoveries of Gupta, Sharma (2014) who has recommended that the companies that are having increased amount of rate of growth distribute increased amount of dividends in order to satisfy their shareholders. Components Ownership Structure Leverage Profitability Liquidity Growth IS .843 PS -.824 FIIs .735 .385 ROI .759 .412 DER -.756 T -.704 RONW .577 .415 .530 EPS -.384 PTA .932 NPR .932 CR .546 -.431 CFO .809 MC .789 ASG .816 REE .485 Table 2: Rotated Component Matrix Regression Results In this step, the multiple regressions is undertaken in order to ascertain the effect of the selected five variables that are independent on the rate of dividend. The rate of dividend is a kind of variable that is dependent in nature and comprises of the decisions related to dividends and the five factors are discovered from the process of factor analysis and therefore the liquidity, leverage, structure of the ownership, growth and profitability are considered as the independent variables. As the features utilized in the framework of regression are attained through the orthogonall changes, they are independent from the issues related to the multi-collinearity. There have been additional tests and examinations in order to attain the results for autocorrelation, normality and heteroscedasticity and these outcomes reveal that the information is distributed on an average and there are no associated issues. The model that is given below is known as Table 3 provides the outcome of the regression framework. The R-Square for the paper is 0.244, which explains that it is around 25 percent of the variations in the rate of dividend and this is addressed by the variables that are independent are examined. The F-Statistics that is found to be 9.320 is essential at 1 percent of significance. The Durbin-Watson statistics of 2.079 addresses that autocorrelation is not existent among the variables that is independent. R-Square F Durbin-Watson 0.244 9.320 2.079 Table 3: Regression Model Summary Table 4, which is addressed below provides an outcome of the regression results. By assessing the five factors, it is seen that four factors, which are growth, leverage, ownership model and liquidity have anticipated relationships in accordance to the payout of the dividend. In cases where profitability explains a symbol that is opposing to what was anticipated. In accordance to the concerned literature, the results that are obtained in this paper reveals that the leverage scenario of an organization has an inverse and negative relationship with the rate of dividend and the figures come to -0.239, which is seen to be vital at 5% level of significance. It is seen that higher the disclosure of the company in accordance to external financing, more will be risks and threats of the organization and hence, the dividend payout value would be low. Variables Expected sign Standardized Co-efficient T Sig. Beta Dividend Rate (Constant) Dependent variable 3.840 .000 Leverage Negative -.239 -3.013 .003 Liquidity Positive .341 4.138 .000 Profitability Positive -.007 -0.086 .932 Ownership Structure Positive .091 1.113 .286 Growth Positive .041 .541 .589 Table 4: Regression Results In the same manner, liquidity has a value of 0.341 and this addresses a positive relationship with the rate of dividend at the 1% significance level. The framework of the ownership of an organization that represents the institutional entrepreneurs has a coefficient value that is positive and the value is 0.091, but it is not significant statistically. The growth ratio has a value of 0.41 addresses a coefficient that is positive and this value is not significant. Therefore, the outcome of this research explains that there are two distinct and specific elements for the purpose of making decisions related to dividend and they are liquidity and leverage. Conclusion In spite of few years of active and extensive research on several numbers of theories that looks to address the elements of the corporate dividend policy, there has not been any key answers and judgments that can be concluded. The current study reassesses the elements of the decisions related to the corporate dividends of the Indian organizations, which are listed in the Bombay Stock Exchange within the time frame of 1st January 2001 to 31st December 2007. This research makes use of Principal Component Analysis in order to assess the selected fifteen variables that have an effect over the decision related to dividend of an organization. The final outcome has provided five key factors and they are the growth, leverage, structure of ownership, profitability and liquidity. These elements were then undergone with multiple regression analysis within which the dependent variable was considered as the rate of dividend. The outcome of the regression analysis explains that growth, leverage, o wnership structure and liquidity have addressed signs and symbols whereas the extent of profit did not highlight any anticipated signs. The two factors that are mainly liquidity and leverage were discovered to hold a strong and hardy relationship with the rates of dividend of the companies that are pertinent to India. When leverage was discovered to be related negatively, liquidity on the other hand is related positively. The one point that is worthy of explaining here is that the results that have been obtained are undertaken only from the assessment of the financial factors that have an impact on the dividend policy of an Indian organization. In certain practices, certain non-financial factors like the shareholding of the foreign collaborators, behavior and the attitude of the management, policies of the organization etc may even have a posture on the decision of an organization with respect to dividends. 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