Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Philosophy Of The Role And Mission Of Educaiton And Business Education

Philosophy Of The Role And Mission Of Educaiton And Business Education In Secondary Schools Education and Vocational Education have many roles in today's schools. Vocational education focuses on the future employment of the student, by using practical application. Vocational education gives students the opportunity to learn with hands-on experience. This can help in several areas of gaining an education. Most notably, this gives the student the opportunity to find out if this is what they want to do. Students will get a real-world experience very early on in their education. This experience can greatly enrich a student's education by giving them the opportunity to become involved in activities that are relevant to their lives, therefore, becoming a source of motivation. Education provides these same experiences to a certain extent, but the connection to real-world experience is much less defined. I believe it is the obligation of an educator to help create lifelong learners out of our students. Three key elements need to be present for this to take place. Confidence, relevance and motivation must all be present. Students need to have the confidence to try and succeed, or try and fail. This may sound like a trivial example, but I believe it is essential to success. Without knowing and understanding failure, students will not be able to appreciate success and what it takes to succeed. Confidence will be gained through the trial and error that takes place in the successful business educator's classroom. Relevance is the next item. The application of the material in the classroom must be relevant to what the student has set his/her sights on. Business education is all about relevance. Taking the simulations, applications and exercises from real life examples allows the students to see and understand the challenges they face. When the students see they are learning relevant skills they will become motivated to succeed. Motivation can come from a variety of sources, but I believe the business education teacher can aid in this. Students fall into bad habits while at school. I see it on a daily basis. They go through the motions of being a student and miss all the valuable knowledge that is available to them. They see no connection to what they are currently doing, to what they will ?grow up? and do. When that connection is made, the student will become motivated to take advantage of the experience and information presented to them in school. I want to teach business education because I believe the knowledge and skills it provides are essential to all students. Students need to understand the competition they will be facing in their search for that first job. Business education gives them a glimpse of what will be expected of them from day one. They need to learn the skills to enable them to become effective consumers, employees and leaders. Business education teaches students how to work as a team, how to meet deadlines, how to prioritize work and teaches them problem-solving skills. Students of today will become the businessmen of tomorrow. We must prepare them to manage their money, make wise investment decisions and learn to live on a budget. They also need to be exposed to expectations in the work environment. Communication is a must in any profession, including business. Interpersonal skills will be used on a daily basis. Business education prepares students for all of these situations and helps them in their pursui t of lifelong learning. Although there are many classes that can aid in the education of vocational students, I believe there are three mandatory classes. Keyboarding, computer applications and accounting must be present in the business education curriculum. These classes have practical application for students. At jobsites around the world, students will need these skills to succeed. Keyboarding is the most basic of these, but holds the most value. Without this skill, students will not succeed in the business world. The earlier this skill is learned, the better. Computer applications must be introduced at an early age also. With this skill students will be able to make a smooth transition into the workplace. Accounting is another skill that will be helpful for graduating students. They may not choose this specific field, but somewhere along

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Self Eulogy Essays

Self Eulogy Essays Self Eulogy Paper Self Eulogy Paper Eulogy: A eulogy is a speech or piece of writing, usually at a funeral, in which a person who has just died is praised. Peter was an intelligent and bright man. He lived a wonderful life. He was my friend who cried with me and advised me when I had problems with my work. I cannot tell you what it was, but I am happy that I had friend who always stayed next to me every time. He was the kind of friend who stands by you when you need somebody to be there. I first met him in our first year of high school. We were so young and such naughty boys. We took the same bus, lived in the same street. That is how I became close to Peter. We exercised every morning in 5 oclock before we go to school. That would be almost 60 years ago. He was also an intelligent man. Throughout school, he was aiming for dentistry. As far as I know, he had to get an OP 1 to enter the dentistry course. I also wanted to be a dentist, but I gave up because I thought it was impossible to be a dentist. Peter never gave up. I went to sleep around 11 oclock at night, but Peter wouldnt sleep in until around 12 oclock. He always went to sleep late and woke up early. Normally, people usually sleep around 6 to 7 hours, but he slept only 4 to 5 hours. I still cannot believe how a person slept only 4 hours and could then study again school. His dream finally became true to be a dentist after 8 years of hard working. And then, he got married before his graduation to his good friend, Cindy. They were so happy that they could live together forever. After his graduation and marriage, he made a weird decision. At that time, he could have been employed by Queen Elizabeth II Hospital to become a professional dentist in there. However, he booked a plane ticket to Ghana straight after his graduation. Even his wife, Cindy agreed with it. He built a small hospital funded by one of the biggest companies in Ghana. Although, it is funded by the biggest company, the conditions werent good enough; He treated many sick children and adults. There were a lot of people who had to wait a whole day to see him. His appearance wasnt as good as a normal person till his death. In his 4th year in Ghana, he suffered with many diseases, such as malaria, an endemic disease, heat stroke and many more. But until last week, he was still treating children as usual, even when he was sick. Peter will be in the heaven, no, he might be there already. My memory of him is that he lived everyday like Albert Schweitzer who is known as a famous devoted doctor. I am sure we all can meet him again with a smiley face. I will try to remember him as a good friend, an intelligent man and a famous dentist forever. [After writing your eulogy, comment on what choices you will need to make in your life in order for what has been stated in your eulogy to come true; for example, if you state that John was a great dad to his 3 children in the eulogy you will need to make comment on what choices John made to become a great dad.] [His dream finally became true to be a dentist after 8 years of hard working] To become a professional dentist, I must enter the Bachelor of Dentistry. To enter the dentistry, I must get an OP 1. The Bachelor of Dentistry is known as the one of the most competitive and hardest courses that only intelligent students can get in with good grade. Mostly, most of students who go to dentistry course get an OP 1 to an OP 2 which is almost A+ for every subject. But there is a one way that only International students are able to go dentistry without an OP. That is the test called IELTS Examination (International English Language Testing System). This examination is English test includes Listening, Reading, Writing and Speaking that examine international students English proficiency. If students get minimum overall 7.0 out of 9.0, then they are qualified to apply the Bachelor of Dentistry. Next, I must take two more exams after I got qualification to enter. They are UMAT (Undergraduate Medicine and Health Sciences Admission Test) and ISAT (International Student Admissions Test). These tests are essential exams to enter the dental school. UMAT tests students ability about basic scientific knowledge and ISAT international students ability to enter the university. After entering the dental school, I must study for 8 years with success grades. After graduation, I can be employed by many hospitals and become a professional dentist. To conclude, it is very hard to be a dentist that I have to take many exams. But, if I try my best with Gods help, I believe I can be a professional dentist one day.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Financial Accounting and Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial Accounting and Report - Essay Example All these ratios have their own specific formulae and they are interpreted by experts by looking at the figures obtained from calculations. The management and the CFOs of large business entities and the users of these statements as well rely heavily on the ratios of a company (Tracy, 2012, p. 14). Net Profit Margins: The gross profit margin ratio shows how much net amount an entity earns on the percentage amount of sales made. This ratio is calculated in percentages and for the given scenario and data, the ratio calculated indicates the fact that the entity has earned sufficient net profits during the previous year. The ratio is sufficient evidence that the company has performed well for earning net profits quite enough for its forth coming years’ operations. Looking at the ratio, the new investors can be expected for making investment in the company as the figures of the ratio will boost their confidence that the company will continue to be performing well. The positive expectations regarding the increase in investors will also benefit the company as the management will look forward to expand the business with further investments for new investors. Current Ratio: Current ratio means the respective currency of current assets the company holds for a single respective unit currency of current liability (Leach, 2010). Or, simply, the number of Euros of current assets available to the company to meet a single euro of current liability. The current ratio for the company is quite favorable as it has 3.7 Euros in current assets to meet a single unit in its current liabilities. Gross profit ratio: The gross profit figure of the company is exactly half of the net sales as shown by the ratio. It is a good sign for the company regards the fact that their cost of sales is very nominal allowing the company to earn a sufficient amount of profit even if other operating expenses are a little higher. Since higher gross profits mostly result in higher net profits, therefore

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

How Free is the will of the individual within Society Research Paper

How Free is the will of the individual within Society - Research Paper Example At the beginning, she did not comprehend what was happening; however, she now understands all the gifts and outings were crucial in the grooming process. Mallet now 20, filed a civil suit in U.S. District Court claiming the school authorities failed to ensure that she was safe from the predator; thus, the suit was as a result of her ordeal with the assistant principal. Her lawsuit alleges that school officials and teachers understood or were ware about the abuse but did nothing to end it or keep her safe. Mallett consents that she kept quiet because she was afraid no person would believe her; besides, she wanted to reveal her ordeal but did not know whom she would trust; thus, she felt trapped. However, she managed to overcome her fear and embraced the philosophy that promotes embracing what is correct even if it means standing alone; therefore, her past hugely influenced her will to reveal the secret and consequently the lawsuit she filed. She eventually revealed the secret to the s chool chaplain who in return informed the authorities. All through the affair, she considered it wrong; however, the assistant principal would defend the affair by saying that he loved her and she trusted him. She got into this trusting relationship since the predator was good at comprehending what worked for the victim; thus, it was difficult for the victim to see clearly the big picture when sex began. Choice could be free will or determined and has implications on moral conscientiousness Stace argued that free will indicates the absence immediate causal agents like being forced at gunpoint. Therefore, this soft determinism viewpoint never denies internalization of past experiences cognition and emotions that consequently form the basis for a choice. Mallet makes the choice of revealing the secret to the school chaplain through her experience, cognition and morality, as it is certain that â€Å"without free will there would be no morality† (Stace 924) since morality regards what individuals ought to or not do. However, if a person lacks the freedom of choice, it would be meaningless to correct the individual’s act in addition there would a big challenge to punish the individual for what he or she could not help doing. Stace greatly opposes â€Å"hard determinism† pointing out that if free will did not exist, attaining high levels of morality would be impossible. For instance, if an action taken by an individual does not make the individual morally responsible then, encouraging people to embrace moral choices would also be outside the picture. Stace goes a long way to illustrate free acts and unfree acts; for instance, free choices are not compelled by circumstances external to the individual; however, unfree acts are compelled by external forces (928). An example of a free act is an individual starving himself in protest and in this case, Mallet decides to get over her fear and let the secret out despite the way the society may perceive her. Morality drove her to this choice therefore the scenario shows a compatibility take of free will and determinism. Stace state that soft determinism is the absence of coercive external agents that enables an individual to take a certain action freely. Therefore, from this viewpoint, a person’s behavior may be a result of internal psychological states that have causes but the absence of immediate pressing agents that influence behavior ensures that the individual makes a free will (Stace 929). Mallett’

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Analysis of problem and literature review Essay

Analysis of problem and literature review - Essay Example ication problems, the researcher will develop a multiplication practice game called ‘Competition of Multiplication Table.’ To determine the importance of this program, the researcher will conduct related literature review and perform two personal interviews with selected math teachers. Cognitive learning plays an important role in enabling the students to understand the basic concept behind multiplication table. The process of cognitive learning involves the transfer of basic information presented to them to the students’ memory. On the other hand, affective learning usually involves the learners’ emotions. According to Chickering (2006) and Owen-Smith (2004), cognitive learning should go together with affective learning in order to maximize the learning experience of each student. environment should be free from any object(s), material(s) or event(s) that could trigger negative emotions such as anger, depression, anxiety, etc. Gllligan and Bower (1984) emphasises the impact of mood swings over the cognitive learning of the students. A poor learning environment could significantly prevent the students from being able to consciously learn and remember specific information. In general, students are able to recall everything that they have learned in class or experience in life either through our short-term and long-term memory. Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968: 89 - 195) highlights the importance of ‘short-term memory’ or the ‘working memory model’ in relation to several learning activities particularly the mental arithmetic regardless whether it is a simple or complex problem (Hitch, 1978). Research studies have shown that the capacity of ‘working memory’ in each student is one of the major factors that contribute to the students’ individual mathematical performance. (Hoard, Geary, and Hamson, 1999) Computers and other related information communication technology (ICT) such as the multimedia serves as an essential tool in enhancing the

Friday, November 15, 2019

B Cell Activation in HIV Infection

B Cell Activation in HIV Infection During HIV infection, B cells can be activated by HIV virions, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, infected macrophages and CD40 ligands. Mannose binding lectin (MBL), a C-type lectin, is in a complex with the MASP (MBL-associated serine proteases) enzyme and is involved in recognising and binding carbohydrates on pathogens (e.g. HIV envelope protein gp120 is highly glycosylated). When the carbohydrates are recognised, MBL activates the enzyme activity of MASP which causes the activation of the complement system by cleaving C2 and C4 complements resulting in the formation of C3 convertase. This activation and formation of C3 convertase is known as the alternative pathway of the complement system. C3 complement is cleaved by the C3 convertase enzyme and C3 fragments (C3d/C3dg, iC3b) are formed from this breakdown. These fragments are deposited onto the HIV virion surface. HIV IC (immune complexes) interact with CD21 (complement receptor) on B cells and C3 fragments acts as a mediator in the IC-CD21 interaction. CD21 is involved in the activation of B cells and a constant IC-CD21 activation could trigger the polyclonal a ctivation of B cells in HIV viremia. (1-4) Plasma dendritic cells (pDCs) express TLR9, TLR7, CD4, CCR5, CXCR4 and MCLR receptors. TLR7 receptor is stimulated by its interaction with viral ssRNA and TLR9 by its interaction with unmethylated DNA motifs of the viral genome. Stimulation of these receptors leads to the activation of intracellular pathways both of which involves the activation of the adaptor protein, MyD88. The MyD88-IRF7 pathway involves the activation of IRF7 by MyD88 which goes on to regulate the gene transcription of Type I IFN, leading to Type I IFN production by pDCs. NF-kB is also activated by MyD88 and causes the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-ÃŽ ± and IL-6 by upregulating their gene transcription in pDCs. IFN-ÃŽ ± (a Type l IFN) induces the activation and differentiation of B cells into plasmablasts. The presence of IL-6 causes differentiation of plasmablasts into antibody secreting plasma cells. TNF-ÃŽ ± is involved in the polyclonal activation of B cells. The production of Type I IFN upregulates the mRNA expression of two cytokines involved in stimulating B cells in pDCs. These cytokines cause the activation, proliferation and survival of B cells, immunoglobulin class- switching and are known as BAFF (B cell activating factor) and APRIL (a proliferation-inducing ligand). Both cytokines belong to the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. BAFF interacts with B cells by binding to the BAFF receptor (BAFFR) located on the surface of B cells. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells also activate B cells through the interaction of their CD70 ligand with the CD27 receptor on B cells, causing proliferation and differentiation of memory cells into plasma cells. HIV infected macrophages, activate B cells by Nef protein indirectly when it is taken up and expressed de novo by infected macrophages. HIV Nef induces the production of ferritin through the NF-ÃŽ ºB pathway causing gene transcription and releasing ferritin from the infected macrophages. Adequate production of ferritin induces proliferation of resting B cells into antibody secreting plasma cells by upregulating the expression of B cell gene. This activation of B cells can lead to hypergammaglobulinemia the increase in the level of gamma globulins (immunoglobulins) in the blood. (1,20) Figure 1 shows adequate levels of ferritin can lead to increase in immunoglobulin (Ig) levels in the plasma (hypergammaglobulinemia). To determine whether there is a correlation between hypergammaglobulinemia (B cell dysfunction) and plasma ferritin level in HIV infection. Plasma Ig levels were compare to plasma ferritin levels of 83 infected HIV infected people. The results obtained show that there is a positive correlation between plasma ferritin levels and plasma levels of IgA, IgG and IgM in the HIV infected individuals studied. As plasma ferritin levels increased, plasma IgA, IgG and IgM levels also increased generally. (20) The outer layer (envelope) of HIV virions contains viral protein, gp120, which can directly bind to receptors on B cells. Activation of B cells by gp120 causes polyclonal immunoglobulin class switching. This occurs in the presence of BAFF which binds to its receptor on B cells, BAFFR and gp120 binds to MCLRs (mannose-binding C-type lectin receptors) on B cells. The interaction causes IgM to switch to IgG and IgA through the upregulation in the expression of the activation-induced cytidine deaminase, an enzyme involved in class-switch DNA recombination. The HIV gp120 has also been found to inhibit the production of IFN-ÃŽ ± by pDCs by affecting the activation of the TL9 pathway involved in its production. The protein, gp120 binds to CD4, CCR5, CRCR4 and MCLR receptors on pDCs and its binding to CD4 and MCLR has been found to not produce IFN-ÃŽ ± by the TLR9 pathway. This prevents the activation of B cells by the TLR9 pathway through the release of IFN-ÃŽ ±. (7,9,10,21) B cells can also be activated by the interaction between CD40 receptors on B cells and CD40 ligands on T cells in the presence of cytokines (e.g. IL-10). This interaction activates the B cells to differentiate and undergo immunoglobulin class switching by causing class-switch recombination. Class-switch recombination is induced by the activation of NF-kB transcription factor which induces the gene expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). However, during HIV infection CD4+ T cells are targets for the HIV virus so number of CD4+ T cells are depleted suppressing this activation of B cells. (22,23) References: Moir, S., Malaspina, A., Li, Y., Chun, T., Lowe, T., Adelsberger, J., Baseler, M., Ehler, L., Liu, S., Davey Jr., R., Mican, J. and Fauci, A. (2000) ‘B Cells of HIV-1–infected Patients Bind Virions through CD21–Complement Interactions and Transmit Infectious Virus to Activated T Cells’, The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 192 (5), pp.637-645. Jakubik, J., Saifuddin, M., Takefman, D. and Spear, G. (2000) ‘Immune Complexes Containing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Primary Isolates Bind to Lymphoid Tissue B Lymphocytes and Are Infectious for T Lymphocytes’, Journal Of Virology, 74(1), pp.552-555. Eisen, S., Dzwonek, A. and Klein, NJ. (2008) Mannose-binding lectin in HIV infection, Future Virol., 3(3), pp.225-233 Haurum , JS., Thiel, S., Jones, IM., Fischer, PB., Laursen, SB. and Jensenius, JC. (1993) ‘Complement activation upon binding of mannan-binding protein to HIV envelope glycoproteins.’, AIDS, 7(10), pp.1307-1313 Muraguchi, A., Hirano, T., Tang, B., Matsuda, T., Horii, Y, Nakajima, K. and Kishimoto, T. (1998) ‘ The Essential Role Of B Cell Stimulatory Factor 2 (Bsf-2/Il-6) For The Terminal Differentiation Of B Cells’, J Exp Med, 167, pp.332-344. Jego, G., Palucka, A., Blanck, J., Chalouni, C., Pascual, V. and Banchereau, J. (2003) ‘Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Induce Plasma Cell Differentiation through Type I Interferon and Interleukin 6’, Immunity, 19, pp.225-234. Chung, N., Matthews, K., Klasse, P., Sanders, R. and Moore, J. (2012) ‘HIV-1 gp120 impairs the induction of B cell responses by TLR9-activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells’, J Immunol, 189(11), pp. 5257- 5265. Shaw, J., Wang, Y., Ito, T., Arima, K. and Liu, Y. (2010) ‘Plasmacytoid dendritic cells regulate B-cell growth and differentiation via CD70.’, Blood, 115, pp.3051–3057. He, B., Qiao, X., Klasse, P., Chiu, A., Chadburn, A., Knowles, D., Moore, J. and Cerutti, A. (2006) ‘HIV-1 envelope triggers polyclonal Ig class switch recombination through a CD40-independent mechanism involving BAFF and C-type lectin receptors.’ J. Immunol, 176, pp.3931–3941. Martinelli, E., Cicala, C., Van Ryk, D., Goode, D., Macleod, K., Arthos, J. and Fauci, A. (2007) ‘HIV-1 gp120 inhibits TLR9-mediated activation and IFN-ÃŽ ± secretion in plasmacytoid dendritic cells.’ Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 104, pp.3396–3401. Kadowaki, N., Ho, S., Antonenko, S., Malefyt, RW., Kastelein, RA., Bazan, F. and Liu, YJ. (2001) ‘Subsets of human dendritic cell precursors express different toll-like receptors and respond to different microbial antigens.’, J Exp Med, 194 (6), pp.863-870 Lund, J., Sato, A., Akira, S., Medzhitov, R. and Iwasaki, A. (2003) ‘Toll-like receptor 9-mediated recognition of Herpes simplex virus-2 by plasmacytoid dendritic cells.’, J Exp Med., 198 (3), pp. 513-520 Lund, JM., Alexopoulou, L., Sato, A., Karow, M., Adams, NC., Gale, NW., Iwasaki, A. and Flavell, RA. (2004) ‘Recognition of single-stranded RNA viruses by Toll-like receptor 7.’, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 101 (15), pp 5598-5603 Lambert, AA., Gilbert, C., Richard, M., Beaulieu, AD. and Tremblay, MJ. (2008) ‘The C-type lectin surface receptor DCIR acts as a new attachment factor for HIV-1 in dendritic cells and contributes to trans- and cis- infection pathways.’, Blood, 112(4), pp.1299-1307 Jego, G., Palucka, AK., Blanck, JP., Chalouni, C., Pascual, V. and Banchereau, J. (2003) ‘Plasmacytoid dendritic cells induce plasma cell differentiation through type I interferon and interleukin 6.’, Immunity, 19(2), pp.225-234 Litinskiy, MB., Nardelli, B., Hilbert, DM., He, B., Schaffer, A., Casali, P. and Cerutti, A.(2002) ‘DCs induce CD40-independent immunoglobulin class switching through BLyS and APRIL.’, Nat Immunol., 3(9), pp. 822-829 Tezuka, H., Abe, Y., Asano, J., Sato, T., Liu, J., Iwata, M. and Ohteki T. (2011) ‘Prominent role for plasmacytoid dendritic cells in mucosal T cell-independent IgA induction.’, Immunity, 34(2), pp.247-257 Dai, J., Megjugorac, NJ., Amrute, SB. and Fitzgerald-Bocarsly, P. (2004) ‘Regulation of IFN regulatory factor-7 and IFN-alpha production by enveloped virus and lipopolysaccharide in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells.’, J Immunol., 173(3), pp.1535-48 Cerutti A., Qiao, X. and H, B. (2005) ‘Plasmacytoid dendritic cells and the regulation of immunoglobulin heavy chain class switching.’, Immunol Cell Biol., 83(5), pp.554-562 Swingler, S., Zhou, J., Swingler, C., Dauphin,A., Greenough, T., Jolicoeur, P. and Stevenson, M. (2008) ‘Evidence for a pathogenic determinant in HIV-1 Nef involved in B cell dysfunction in HIV/AIDS’, Cell Host Microbe, 4(1), pp. 63-76. Geijtenbeek, TB., Kwon, DS., Torensma, R., van Vliet, SJ., van Duijnhoven, GC., Middel, J., Cornelissen, IL., Nottet, HS., KewalRamani, VN., Littman, DR., Figdor, CG. and van Kooyk ,Y. (2000) ‘DC-SIGN, a dendritic cell-specific HIV-1-binding protein that enhances trans-infection of T cells.’, Cell, 100 (5), pp.587-597. Dedeoglu, F., Horwitz, B., Chaudhuri, J., Alt, FW. and S. Geha, RS. (2004) ‘Induction of activation-induced cytidine deaminase gene expression by IL-4 and CD40 ligation is dependent on STAT6 and NFkB.’, International Immunology, 16(3), pp.395-404 Qiao, X., He, B., Chiu, A., Knowles, DM., Chadburn, A. and Cerutti, A. (2006) ‘Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Nef suppresses CD40-dependent immunoglobulin class switching in bystander B cells.’, Nature Immunology, 7, pp.302-310 JESSIE FLORENCE GHANSAH

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Montecarlo Simulation Essay

Economy is the necessity of the consumers as well as to gain the utmost credit for it. In that way our superlative innovation of â€Å"VIVO† light has its own personal history which has originated the greatest solution for the community these times. By this time, all should have been aware of the outrageous news about the ‘rising of electric bill’. One could hardly expect anyone to accept the situation. Especially people who live in areas where there’s neither electricity nor power supply. There are people who often go for adventurous trips where they are greatly in need of light. Lighting with less capacity is always not an effective way to hold the light. There lies the problem but not without a solution which is a simple one. In this situation our team had a technical advanced resource that came up with the solution. It is none other than the â€Å"VIVO†- LED rechargeable light itself. It has the power of luminescence which will continuously last long hours. As we have just incorporated the company, the business is in the infant stage. Further we hope to identify it as legal soon 2. 2 Vision Statement â€Å"We develop the solutions beyond your expectations based on cutting edge technologies interlinked with economy and ecology. † 2. 3 Mission Statement â€Å"To be the leading integrated system and lights supplier to the global to the micro electronics industry and to offer complete energy saving solutions to customers for their lighting needs and prov iding total customer satisfaction with our highly innovative and cost-effective products. † 2. 4 Business Model We focus to produce one of the essential products to the customer with a standard product design and size. We have a bunch of knowledgeable and talented team to produce our initial set of production. At the mean time we target to market our products through direct marketing tool. Because we believe Door Step marketing would facilitate us to approach each and every customer individually. We mainly concentrate our product with high quality and the relationship with our customers by providing better service. Also we hope this will create a primary value for our firm. In future we hope to spread our product to Sri Lanka, island wide. 03. PRODUCT PLAN 3. 1 Features The product will be designed based on the emerging technology of Light Emitting Diode (LED). Currently the Sri Lankan market for this type of product is dominated by imported Lamps from China, which mostly contains a florescent tube lamp inside. As per the market research the problem with these type of lamps are; these will provide light usable for maximum of one hour, even if the rechargeable battery inside is charged fully for more than three hours. The main contributor for this inefficient performance is the florescent tube lamp used. This lamp will consume more power than LED lamps. And the brightness will also be lower than a five watts Light Emitting Diode (LED). The target customers of the company’s product are unable to use these imported lamps for the purpose of studying, working and adventurous travelling. So their needs will be satisfied with this product since the proposed product will be designed by using large number of LEDs and a rechargeable battery which is compatible and portable. It is efficient to the extent that, it will provide more hours lighting with the charging time of only few hours and more charging time will increase the usage time. . 2 Key Attributes Company is planning to incorporate two functions in the product using the LED units. That is the unit will have an Active mode and a Bright mode for convenience of the user. Bright mode: This mode is the differentiating feature of the company’s product from other lamps. This is where the unit will be supplied with more power, to the extent that the LEDs will function with its full capacity. So the lamp can be used for studying, cooking or travelling in night purposes. Active mode: This is where the Light emitting diode will be supplied with low power using a small circuit with a help of a switch. This will result in the lamps, emitting light at a lower capacity than its full capacity. This mode can be used to place the lamp in a hall area where you don’t need too much bright. This will significantly reduce the power consumption and increase the operating hours of the unit while the durability of the LED will improve and the battery life will also increase. 3. 3 Enhancements The firm is planning to enhance its product to the extent that, it will charge itself using solar panel technology. Currently the firm is unable to incorporate this technology, because it is not having sufficient financial aid. But once it is established in the market place it will be possible to get additional bank loan or any other sources of financing. Then the firm will be able to produce more number of units with additional features. After the incorporation of this new technology the product may be subject to a price revision and this may increase the piece. The product is made up with light emitting diodes, this means that there is low probability that this unit will fail due to the failure of this LEDs. But the riskier part is the rechargeable battery, where the average life of a battery is around two years, so that in order to be more cautious, company is expecting to give a one year warranty for its customers. 3. 4 Product Strategy The opportunity identification suggests that, the people who suffer with the increased electricity tariffs and who are trying to reduce their electricity expenses are expecting some other forms of lighting. On the other hand there are certain areas of the country that do not supplied with the power by the electricity board, in order to carry out the native’s chores. So this Market Gap analysis helped the emergence of the efficient rechargeable LED lamps. Initially the target segment of the firm is the consumers who live in the North and in the up country of Sri Lanka as the company has small distribution channels to market the products in these areas. After wards within the next three years it will expand the target market and company will sell the product to at least 50% of the consumers in Sri Lanka covering Eastern, Western, Sabaragamuva, Central and Uva Provinces. Currently the product strategy is to produce the rechargeable LED Lamps which could be used for lighting purpose at houses, working places and for travelling purposes. But in future after establishing the product in the market place it will use a product mix which will include more technological products such as solar power lights and etc. The product is differentiated to attract customers, through its unique feature of brightness which could be used to light and cover a vast area (more than 500 square feet) and the efficiency where the power saved for half an hour can be used for more than five hours. The current products in the market are less efficient and it cannot be used for the purpose of lighting a vast area, as most of the products related to this technology are small portable torch lights. The major risk of introducing a technological product is the emergence of new technologies. So company should be aware of the emerging new technologies and based on the consumer requirement, a continuous Line extension, Market Development, Product Development and Diversification strategies will be required to succeed in the business. According to this, it has planned to introduce a self charging unit in the forth coming periods. The introduction time of this new product will not be defined at present, in order to avoid product proliferation. 3. 5 Benefits of the Product The objective behind the firm’s strategy is to make business that satisfies the customers who do not have proper and adequate electricity facilities in their region. So the target customers are the people who are in the remote areas, mainly in hill countries and north and eastern province. Based on the preliminary study conducted, on target customers, it was identified that the main concern is lack of electricity facility and the amount of money that they can afford to obtain electricity facility through other means. The following benefits of the company’s product will full fill the above requirements and it is believed that, this is a competitive advantage of the firm compared to the other players in the industry. ? Compatibility and convenience: The product is designed with the intention that the users should be able to carry it easily where ever they go. So the weight of the unit will be less and the size is also reduced up to the maximum. ? Expensiveness: The product incorporates the emerging new technology of LED. This has helped the company to substantially reduce the production cost. So the final output of the product will be priced in accordance with the market price, while the firm can also reduce the distribution cost, import expense and intermediation cost. Because when a company import and sell a product, the producer, distributer and ultimately the importer has to make profit from the same unit. So the product normally will have more selling and distribution cost than the manufacturing cost. This huge disadvantage is purely eliminated from our product because it is a Sri Lankan product. So in this context the company will set the price well below the market price. So the customers can get a good quality product at a lower cost. ? Efficiency and durability: The main competitive advantage of the product is the efficient use of the product that is 30 minutes of recharge ime will enable the user to operate the unit for 300 minutes, which is comparatively high usage when comparing with other similar products in the industry. The other benefit is that we have incorporated two options to satisfy the customer needs, which is bright mode and active mode. This will further enhance the usage. ? Warranty claims: The Company will provide a one year warranty for the product. That is our company will bear all the repair and maintenance expenses of the product which is returned to us within one year from the sales date. It increases the reliability of the product among customers. ? Customer Support: In this industry normally after sales services are not a popular facility provided by the producer. So the company has planned to provide technical support to customers after the sales regarding the usage and warranty claims. This will be done through the telephone conversation and through the business agents. So this service provides an additional comfort with the company’s product. 3. 6 Trade Secrets and Patent Rights This is a very important area to be considered. But the firm is protected in this area because according to the initial market research there are very few Sri Lankan companies producing this type of products by importing the partly finished components and doing the latter part of the production (Assembling) in Sri Lanka. So there is no direct competitor for the firm in the current context. Bur the product may face Reverse Engineering in future. But this type of risks is common in this business area, so it is very difficult to protect this. But if the marketing team of the firm communicate the customers clearly, then it will be easier to promote the original products. The firm is sure that it has unique knowledge and skills about its product and the business, so this is the strongest competitive advantage of the firm and, it may not disclose it to others. As many would expect, this approach has its own issues like disclosure requirement, but many ventures have competed successfully this way. 3. 7 Stage of Development The product is in the prototype stage and the company has successfully completed the previous two stages of conceptual and design stages. It will be ready for marketing once it has started the business activities. And it is possible for the firm to grab the first mover advantage of this type of LED technology. 04. MARKET AND INDUSTY ANALYSIS Industry analysis and market analysis are two different ways to look at the environment in which a business competes. Although related, these two types of analysis differ in their scope. The purpose of the market and industry analysis is to identify the market opportunities for our product, LED rechargeable lights. LED lights are the next generation of lighting solutions which going to emerge in coming years. Therefore there will be a good opportunity for our product in future. 1. Market Analysis In today’s technological world, we find a challenging and ever-expanding marketplace for almost any product or service. The role of the market analysis is to help guide the process of better understanding of the most important market segments, how fast the opportunity is growing, what are the key sustainable differentiations and why are these important. In this section we are going to discuss the following components: †¢ Target market segment strategy †¢ Market needs †¢ Market trends †¢ Market segmentation Overall market The lighting industry is in the early stages of shifting away from established technologies – fluorescent, incandescent, and high-intensity discharge (HID) lighting – toward light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Adoption rates of LED lighting are expected to grow in the coming years as the efficiency and quality of LEDs surpass those of competing technologies and as the price is low. Not only the quality and low price of LED rechargeable lights, people not having the comfort of using the electricity, especially like a country like Sri Lanka, also makes way for us to make a market appearance. Our market would be mainly based on North and central provinces as those areas have no regular and proper supply of electricity. Over the past few years the market for LED rechargeable lights has shown a growing trend and it is likely that the current trend will continue. Future development of the northern and eastern provinces may decline the demand for LED rechargeable lights in those areas as they may get the regular supply of electricity. But the increase in the price of electricity makes the market opportunity for LED rechargeable lights outshining as more people opt for cheap lighting systems. In future, growth in the market for LED rechargeable lights is highly anticipated and it will be made possible by rapidly decreasing LED prices, ever-increasing efficiencies and improved quality of light. Therefore the revenue is expected to increase and the future looks bright for LED rechargeable lights in the coming years. Addressable market Although our overall market covers northern, eastern and central provinces our main focus would be on the rural areas of these provinces, where there is no electricity facility or the supply of electricity is interrupted often. People who are in search of a way to minimize their cost for electricity will be also included in our addressable market. Segmentation We have identified our market segment as follows, †¢ Groups of customers: Our main customers would be people who have no regular access to electricity, low income earners and people who want to minimize their spending on electricity. †¢ Geography: First we would introduce our product in the local market giving more attention to northern, eastern and central provinces. †¢ Product features: Our LED rechargeable lights give more brightness with less power consumption. Benefits: Saves power, money and time. †¢ Prices: Our strategy would be cost leadership. We would produce the lights at a very low cost, add a profit margin to that and price our product at a low price. †¢ Distribution channel: We would distribute our product using direct distribution methods. There won’t be any intermediaries in our distribution chain. Entry point Our main target is to cater the people who have no electricity and people who are in search of an alternative to fulfill their need for light, with a proper lighting system. This would become an entry point for us as there are many people in Sri Lanka searching for a proper lighting system. And the recent hike in electricity prices has made many people seeking for a cheaper electricity solution as our product is cheap and power saving, this opportunity would pave the way for us to enter the market. 2. Industry Analysis Industry analysis is a vital part of the decision-making process in a business. A comprehensive industry analysis helps to take an objective view of the underlying forces, attractiveness, and success factors that determine the structure of the industry. Understanding the business’s operating environment in this way can help to formulate an effective strategy, position the business for success, and make the most efficient use of the limited resources of the small business. We are going to discuss the following sections in the industry analysis: †¢ Industry Description †¢ Industry Trends †¢ Industry Size and Attractiveness †¢ Profit Potential †¢ Target Market †¢ Competitive Position Industry analysis on LED Rechargeable Light The industry for LED rechargeable lights is very small with few manufacturers, therefore the competitors of our proposed product would be less and as a result of this, it is possible enter easily and cater the market need with cost effective, efficient solution. Another significant advantage over the product is there are no other manufacturers in Sri Lanka, who produce LED rechargeable lights. The prevailing competitors compete mainly on price and the technologies used by the competitors are relatively similar. The degree of competition is lower in the industry therefore the probability of success is comparatively higher for a new entrant in this market. Industry organization Majority of LED Rechargeable lights available in Sri Lanka are produced in Japan, China, Taiwan and India and there are few small assemblers in Sri Lanka. The products are mainly distributed via supermarket channels, LG Abans, Singer and small retail electronics shops and distribution is extensively made in main cities such as Colombo, Kandy, Galle suburban areas. There is less number of distribution points in Northern and Central Province and only the customers in the capital city are purchasing LED rechargeable lights. Value is created to the proposed product via operations, sales and marketing, service and usage of advanced technology. The competitive firms mainly use the above value adding activities to improve profit margin. Competitive Environment The competitive firms compete mainly on price and quality, and the introduction of new products is in a lower rate. Products are differentiated from one another mainly based on the number of LED bulbs used in light and priced accordingly. Customer support is given in the mean of quality warranty; in average one year service warranty is given by the competitive firms. Number of firms prevail in the market is very few, since the degree of rivalry is also low. A new entrant should compete mainly based on Quality (efficiency), Price (cost effective), and service excellence (Warranty) in order to survive and to attract more customers in the market. Since the market is dominated by imported goods the response to new entrants is slow and LED rechargeable lights are not sold many dealers in Sri Lanka. Market is highly fragmented and the competitors are traditional and old. There is high demand for Nippon products but its price extensively higher than other similar products The problems faced by the target customers due to the competitors’ products are a. Since the distribution channel is not well established in the target customers’ geographical area (Northern and Central Province), it is difficult for the customer to find the dealers to repair the product if any fault is identified in the product. b. Similar products available in the market are less efficient in case of electricity consumption (high electricity consumption when charging), charging life is lesser than mentioned in the product catalogue, and the power is lesser than expected. c. Price of the product is high and the target customer segment find it difficult to purchase LED rechargeable light even though they have a need of it. Barriers to Entry When a new venture enters into the LED rechargeable lights industry it has to mainly face the following barriers from its competitive forces. a. Competitors such as Nippon, Kanchen are well established firms in the international market and equipped with advanced technologies therefore these firms will enjoy economies of scale and at the initial stage our firm has to incur comparatively more costs for technology, product designing and manufacturing. Therefore at the initial stage product efficiency and manufacturing efficiency is vital. b. There are some well established brands in the market and customers are loyal to those brands but the price of those brands are relatively higher therefore target customers may not be able to afford that higher price. c. Distribution channel of the product is not well established in the target geographical area therefore there are no competitors who have control over the channel. d. Switching cost for the proposed product relatively higher since the current market price of the competitors’ product. Even though there is an opportunity for the new entrants since the distribution channel of existing products is not reached to the target customer segment. Control over industry Competition of LED rechargeable lights are mainly based on price therefore pricing should be made in the way of value adding and it is important to set price lower than industry average. The bargaining power of customers is higher since they prefer cost effective solution. Suppliers of the raw material have more power since at the initial stage the production volume is low therefore it is difficult to obtain discounts from the supplier by bargaining. Competitive advantage can be gained only through effective production process. Existing competitors are mainly using indirect channels to distribute; it would be successful if proposed product adopts direct means of distribution. Competition prevailing in the industry. There is no aggressive competition in the market and proposed product is the pioneer locally produced product in the industry. The direct competitors in LED rechargeable light industry are Nippon, Kanchan and Orbit and few small importers. a. Nippon LED Rechargeable Lights Nippon LED rechargeable lights are the products of Nippon Electric Company (NEC), Japan. It is a well reputed brand in Sri Lanka and the products are imported by Nippon Lanka (pvt) Ltd. The distribution of products made via its showroom in Bambalapitiya and through super market chains (Arpico, Keells Super), customers are loyal to the product since they perceive it has good quality than the products available in the market. Nippon Lanka doesn’t have sellers in the Central and Northern Province. b. Kanchan Rechargeable Lights Kanchan is an Indian product and price is relatively cheaper than Nippon but the technology used by Knachan is different since the major technology used is Fluorescent Bulbs and these bulbs are comparatively inefficient than LED. The main mean of distribution is online selling and it is not reached in the rural areas of Sri Lanka. c. Orbit Star LED Rechargeable Light Orbit Star is a product from Orbit and it uses online selling as a major source of distribution to reach the target customer (www. anything. lk and www. topshop. lk), the accessibility of internet is poor in Central and Northern Province. Indirect competitors of LED rechargeable light would be the producers of Solar Power Lights, Kerosene, Dynamo, Bio gas but the above substitutes are inefficient and expensive than proposed product. Future potential competitors would be the producers who are using advanced technologies such as NANO and OLED. Opportunity Based on the market and industry analysis there is a need for efficient, environmental friendly, cost effective, environmental friendly LED rechargeable lamp especially in Northern and Central Province. The weakness of the competitors will be used as an additional feature in order to capture the market via prevailing opportunities.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

W.H. Auden’s September 1,1939

W. H. Auden’s September 1, 1939 appears at first to be a poem preoccupied with war; its title, being a significant date of the Polish-Nazi invasion in World War II, is a preliminary indication of a war-time theme. On the surface, the poem appears to comment on the dishonesty and manipulation of government leading to war and expresses Auden’s political opinions about WWII and his skepticism of governmental authority.The ideas Auden presents of the ‘Collective Man’ and ‘the lie of Authority’ suggests that concerning the war, he believes that the people of the world should be more truthful to one another, and that governments are to blame for the deceptions and wars in the world. The actions of governments at the time and their use of wartime propaganda to manipulate the public’s perception could be a mirrored image of the way Auden believes he has been made to be judged by society.Richard R Bozorth claims that â€Å"Auden’s poems h ad private meanings[†¦]To read with this knowledge is to see that what is true of all writing is acutely so for lesbian and gay writers – that meaning is initiated and elaborated in social settings where truth is very much a matter of what is speakable. † When considering the homosexual nature of Auden’s social life, a new layer can be found within the poem.From the outset of the poem there is a theme of isolation; the speaker sits in ‘one of the dives/ On Fifty-Second Street’, suggesting a certain seclusion and loneliness. America was an impartial country in the Second World War and is described in the poem as the ‘neutral air’, reflecting its political neutrality during the war. The lonely bar Auden resides in suggests that like the country that inhabits him, Auden feels he is too separated and alienated within society, which may be due to his conflicting sexuality.The primary interpretation of Auden’s perception of WWII al lows him to express his feelings towards the intolerance of homosexuality in society as it could be suggested that Auden believes homosexuals are forced to be kept hidden from the public, the way the government deals with propaganda and censorship during the wartime. The use of light and dark duality throughout the poem could be a metaphor for Auden’s attitude towards homosexuality and how it is kept in the ‘dark’ of society.The ‘waves of anger and fear/ Circulate over the bright/ And darkened lands of the earth’ could refer to both the spreading of the war, causing anger and fear to civilians, and the anger felt by people who are unaccepted within society, left to exist within the darkened lands, unexposed to the light of acceptance. Auden insists ‘the lights must never go out’, in which ‘the lights’ could represent the acceptance and embracing of homosexuality and thus Auden seeks the light that will allow him to feel acce pted within the world.It appears Auden is communicating that humanity is not only condemned by war, but also condemned by a lack of acceptance of one another. The ‘conservative dark’ Auden refers to not only presents the darkness of government and its control, but also the darkness of those who cannot alter their opinions on those who are different. The idea that the poem is commenting on the inequality of homosexuals in society coincides with the primary interpretation of the poem because in both instances Auden is using the poem to speak out against injustices and seek truth and equality either in government or society.Auden’s poem is read primarily as a critique on the dishonesty of government because of the outbreak of war, however, Auden’s personal life and the language and references within the poem give evidence to a deeper meaning. By creating a poem with two levels of interpretation Auden is able to speak about two different subjects that he feels very strongly about both of which work together to urge for a more honest and tolerable world.

Friday, November 8, 2019

The Communist Form of Government and why it sucks essays

The Communist Form of Government and why it sucks essays Communism is supposed to be a perfect society. It is a society without money, without a state, without property and without social classes. People work together to carry out a task or to respond to some need of the human community but without the possibility of their work taking the form of a business that involves making money or the exchange of its products. The circulation of goods is not accomplished by means of exchange. Quite the contrary, the by-word for this society is "from each according to their abilities, to each according to their needs".1 Above all, it will takes control of everything. It takes control of industry and of all branches of production out of the hands of competing individuals, and instead institutes a system in which all these branches of production are operated by society as a whole. This is for the common account, according to a common plan, and with the participation of all members of society.2 It will, in other words, abolish competition and replace it with association.1 Moreover, since the management of industry by individuals implies private property, and since competition is really the way that the by private property owners control industry, it means that private property is part of competition and the personal management of industry. So, communism states that private property must be abolished and in its place must come the 1The Communist Manifesto, by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, 1848 2-Communism: A History (Modern Library Chronicles), by Richard Pipes. Published: Modern Library, New York, N.Y. 10171 common utilization of all production and the distribution of all goods according to common agreement. This is know as the communal ownership of goods.3 Unfortunately, the difference between businessmen and farmhands is destined to appear. The management of agriculture and industry by the same people ra ...

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Free Essays on Calvism

Reformation was a 16th century movement in western Europe that aimed at changing many teachings of the Roman Catholic church, which resulted in the establishment of the Protestant church. One church existed in Western Europe in the year 1500. The Roman Catholic Church. At the top was the Pope in Rome who literally governed everything. Three things greatly affected the reformation, the renaissance, men were beginning to dominate thought, The printing press, and last but not least the rise of powerful Nation-States with an all powerful monarch. One individual named Martin Luther got extremely angry at the churches selling of indulgences, he posted his 95 Theses at Wittenberg Castle, in which he criticized the selling of indulgences. Part of his anger was that the German money was going to Rome. Thanks to the printing press, the 95 theses was printed all over Germany, and eventually Europe. The reformation strengthened the middle class, Reformation encouraged the spread of education. In both Catholic and Protestant countries, the reformation strengthened the state at the expense of the church. Reformation also led to the colonization of North America, protestants in England were persecuted for their religious beliefs by Queen Mary. "Bloody Mary" murdered many protestants to prevent the growth of the protestant faith in England. This led to a group of Protestants called pilgrims, to make a pilgrimage to the new world, where they would be free to practice their religious belief without fear of persecution. Calvinists are not followers of John Calvin, but of his idea. Calvin's Protestant faith emphasizes the omnipotence of God and the salvation of the elect by God's grace alone, basically the theory of predestination. The "elected" are known as "saints" in the Calvinist faith. Calvin denied that human beings were capable of free will. Calvin also stated that the writings of the scriptures are to be taken literally. Following the history o... Free Essays on Calvism Free Essays on Calvism Reformation was a 16th century movement in western Europe that aimed at changing many teachings of the Roman Catholic church, which resulted in the establishment of the Protestant church. One church existed in Western Europe in the year 1500. The Roman Catholic Church. At the top was the Pope in Rome who literally governed everything. Three things greatly affected the reformation, the renaissance, men were beginning to dominate thought, The printing press, and last but not least the rise of powerful Nation-States with an all powerful monarch. One individual named Martin Luther got extremely angry at the churches selling of indulgences, he posted his 95 Theses at Wittenberg Castle, in which he criticized the selling of indulgences. Part of his anger was that the German money was going to Rome. Thanks to the printing press, the 95 theses was printed all over Germany, and eventually Europe. The reformation strengthened the middle class, Reformation encouraged the spread of education. In both Catholic and Protestant countries, the reformation strengthened the state at the expense of the church. Reformation also led to the colonization of North America, protestants in England were persecuted for their religious beliefs by Queen Mary. "Bloody Mary" murdered many protestants to prevent the growth of the protestant faith in England. This led to a group of Protestants called pilgrims, to make a pilgrimage to the new world, where they would be free to practice their religious belief without fear of persecution. Calvinists are not followers of John Calvin, but of his idea. Calvin's Protestant faith emphasizes the omnipotence of God and the salvation of the elect by God's grace alone, basically the theory of predestination. The "elected" are known as "saints" in the Calvinist faith. Calvin denied that human beings were capable of free will. Calvin also stated that the writings of the scriptures are to be taken literally. Following the history o...

Sunday, November 3, 2019

The Market Forces of supply and demand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

The Market Forces of supply and demand - Essay Example These two inter-relates in a situation whereby the producer sells the same quantity of a goods and services that the consumer is willing and capable to purchase. Since a market is a combination of the producer (sellers) and consumer (buyers) of a specific goods and service, the force of demand and supply has been used in the economics to refer to the general behavior of the market participants (Caballero, Hoshi and Kashyap 1947). The main characteristics of a market are that all goods and services are the same and have got a large number of buyers and sellers to curb the effects brought by a single person over the market price. In the economy, a market exists as a competitive field in which a variety of companies and business entities produce identical goods and service and strive to sell to their prospects. The type of market in operation maintains its’ existence in the economy because of their structure namely; a monopoly; which is a market structure where the market is controlled by one firm. Monopolistic competition is market where a variety of companies have a certain percentage of market share but they all differentiate their goods and service from each other to make them unique. Perfect competition is a market structure that does not have a limited number of firms that have an entry. It is generally free entry for all interested buyers and sellers. Another market structure is the oligopoly that has its’ operations dominated by few firms and have total control over the majority in the market share. In cases where there two firms are dominating and has full control of the market share, it is referred to a duopoly. Unlike in a monopolistic market structure where we only have one provider, in a monophony market, there is only one person to purchase the products in the market (buyer). In addition, there is a market structure

Friday, November 1, 2019

Ethics in Modern American Corporate Environment Essay

Ethics in Modern American Corporate Environment - Essay Example Does the daily influx of media reportage of widespread criminal representation, tax evasion and a whole lot of fraudulent actions by the supposed men and women of our corporate environment cast a spell of doom on our corporate system Have our corporate environment being besieged by a bunch of infidel corporate leaders According to recent psychological findings, the human nature by its inherent weakness if left untrained can easily succumb to the pressures of misconduct. In order words, it should be understood that no corporate executive has ever been nor will ever be a model of celestial perfection. Much of the forces that influence group and individual behaviors are largely a result of the prevailing environment; the daily situations we encounter has the propensity to alter even the most well intended motives of an individual thus making us susceptible to unethical conducts. In our day and age, the corporate environment is undergoing a massive revolution with an attendant level of sophistication highly unprecedented in the annals of humanity. This increasing dynamism makes it difficult to conceptualism the traditional definition of ethics much less placing stringent judgments on its implementation. Does this exonerate the violators of corporate ethics Certainly not! It is in the light of this that this essay, seeks to present a holistic analysis of all the contending issues in this debate. It is expected that by doing this, the platform would be created to usher a succinct definition that is perfectly in tune with contemporary realities. Building on this definition, there can therefore be formidable streamlining of the loose ends that have created the pervasiveness that have characterized our corporate landscape. What constitutes an Ethical Conduct The advent of globalization and its attendant widespread sweeping reforms across all sectors of the human spectrum will provide the basis for the discourse in this section. In view of the complexities in our world today it has become somewhat difficult to reconcile the abstract features of traditional understanding of ethics to the changing realities of our time. In any case this limitation should not impede any effort to address the subject exhaustively. Rather than discarding what is already known about ethics because it appears obsolete there will be an attempt to restructure and extend the boundaries where it is necessary whilst in the same vein it will be prudent to pull down the needless elements also. It should also be noted that all attempts to legislate ethical conduct has being treated with hostility. The problem with any attempt to legislate ethics is that ethics in its imperative form is very abstract. To overcome this difficulty, it is prudent to look at within the context of describing ethics within the context of practicing decency in human conduct. For good reasons, it is understood that opting for decency makes it comparatively easier to address this subject. As an illustration, the desire to exhibit decency at all levels will guide the conduct of the individual in the work setting even if there is evidence that the person is undergoing a stressful mood swing or not. Moreover, decency in its absolute sense is dead unl ess it is backed by concrete or pragmatic steps irrespective of the emotional or